Machining & CNC Guides
Formula-first explanations for machining calculations, units, assumptions, and production checks.
Machining guide
How to Calculate RPM from Surface Speed and Diameter
Use the metric or imperial spindle-speed formula, work through practical examples, and avoid the unit and diameter mistakes that cause incorrect RPM.
Reviewed Sep 4, 2026Read guide →
Machining guide
CNC Feed Rate Formula: Chip Load, RPM & Flutes Explained
Calculate CNC table feed from chip load, spindle speed, and effective cutting edges, then learn when the simple formula needs practical adjustment.
Reviewed Sep 4, 2026Read guide →
Machining guide
Drilling Speeds and Feeds: RPM, IPR & IPM Explained
Turn cutting speed and drill diameter into spindle RPM, then convert feed per revolution into penetration feed without mixing metric and inch units.
Reviewed Sep 4, 2026Read guide →
Machining guide
Tap Drill Size Formula and Thread Engagement Explained
Understand the diameter-minus-pitch shop rule, percentage-of-thread formulas, stocked drill selection, and why form taps need different holes.
Reviewed Sep 4, 2026Read guide →